Arnica

Massimo Chiaretti et al. (2020) · Scientific reports

This randomized clinical trial with 199 adults at an Italian university proctology clinic compared two plant-based venotonic products, called phlebotonics, with routine care for hemorrhoidal disease (swollen anal cushions that cause bleeding, itching or irritation, and pain) and for recovery after hemorrhoid surgery. One product was a flavonoid preparation containing rutin, borage, horse chestnut and witch hazel. The other was a Centella asiatica (gotu kola) preparation containing triterpenic acids, asiaticoside, arnica and aloe. Flavonoids are plant antioxidants reported to improve venous tone and reduce inflammation, while Centella is reported to stimulate collagen and repair connective tissue. Participants aged 18 to 85 were randomized to three groups. Group A (73 people) took 300 mg flavonoid tablets twice daily for 15 days and applied a 3 g ointment inside the anus once daily. Group B (66 people) took 60 mg Centella tablets twice daily for 15 days and used a 3 g Centella-based ointment. Group C (60 people) received routine care only. Everyone followed a water- and vegetable-rich diet and used a medicated soap for 42 days. Time until bleeding stopped was tracked, and irritation or pain was rated on a visual analogue scale. Among 130 people with hemorrhoidal disease, bleeding stopped after a median of 2 weeks with flavonoids and 3 weeks with Centella or routine care (flavonoids versus routine care p < 0.001, meaning a clear difference; Centella versus routine care p = 0.152, meaning no significant difference). Irritation scores were lower than routine care for both products (flavonoids p = 0.007; Centella p = 0.041), and the two products did not differ (p = 0.782). After hemorrhoidectomy (31 people), bleeding time did not differ significantly between groups, and pain differed only for flavonoids versus routine care (p = 0.045). In 34 people with thrombosed hemorrhoids, pain fell faster with either product (all p < 0.001). Tissue examination linked flavonoids to fibrosis, a fibrous tissue change in the excised piles (p = 0.008). No adverse reactions were reported except burning from the Centella ointment in one person, which led to suspension of that ointment. The authors interpret the results as favouring flavonoids for bleeding and irritation, with Centella comparable on irritation. Limitations are stated plainly: a single centre, only 42 days of follow-up, small surgical and thrombosis subgroups added after the original protocol, no described blinding of participants, and multi-ingredient products that prevent attributing effects to individual plants. A medicated soap containing Centella was also given to every group. The authors suggest longer trials to test whether the benefits last.